I would take a stab at the bright green being a form of cynobacteria ( cyno can come in a variety of colours not just red. ) Its not an algae per se but a bacteria that also requires photosynthesis to survive. Usually its a high nutrient indicator, nitrates and phosphates.
The other stuff sounds more like diatoms usually an indicator of high silicates and pretty normal for a tank still cycling.
Most systems take a while to reach equilibrium even if they've cycled.
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