it creates an oxygen depleted area to grow anaerobic (nitrate eating) bacteria, it requires dosing a carbon source such as sugar or vodka, i have not used one but i did a lot of research and ended up building a sulphur denitrator which i control with an ORP controller, the sulphur denitrator requires very little maintenance and works very well, my nitrates are less than 1ppm in a heavily stocked 90gal LPS tank with 22 fish.
i do run a skimmer and GFO as the denitrator does not eat phosphates.
i have been running the denitrator for about a year now, the only problem i had was i built it too large and had to remove about one third of the media after my nitrates dropped.
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